One of the earliest global Human Rights campaigns was launched to defend the rights of anarchists from state repression. 

Anarchist bombings in theaters and cafes in the 1890s provoked mass arrests, the passage of harsh anti-anarchist laws, and executions in France and Spain. Yet, far from a marginal phenomenon, this first international terrorist threat had profound ramifications for the broader development of human rights, as well as modern global policing, and international legislation on extradition and migration. A transnational network of journalists, lawyers, union activists, anarchists, and other dissidents related torture in the Spanish homeland to brutal suppression of colonial revolts in Cuba and the Philippines to craft a nascent human rights movement against the “revival of the Inquisition.” Ultimately their efforts compelled the monarchy to accede in the face of unprecedented global criticism.

The Anarchist Inquisition explores the groundbreaking transnational human rights campaigns that emerged in response to a brutal wave of repression unleashed by the Spanish state. This repression sought to quash anarchist activities at the turn of the twentieth century. Mark Bray guides readers through this tumultuous era—from backroom meetings in Paris and torture chambers in Barcelona to international antiterrorist conferences in Rome and human rights demonstrations in Buenos Aires.

Bray draws a vivid picture of the assassins, activists, torturers, and martyrs whose struggles set the stage for a previously unexamined era of human rights mobilization. Rather than assuming that human rights struggles and “terrorism” are inherently contradictory forces, The Anarchist Inquisition analyzes how these two modern political phenomena worked in tandem to constitute dynamic campaigns against Spanish atrocities. The paperback edition contains an additional chapter not found in the original cloth edition.

Praise for The Anarchist Inquisition

“As enthralling as it is sobering, Mark Bray’s riveting tale of the legendary anarchist violence in Barcelona and Paris circa 1900 considers the burning question: can throwing bombs be understood as defending human rights against state violence?” —Michael T. Taussig, author of My Cocaine Museum

“Mark Bray is one of the world’s preeminent scholars of anarchism, and there is no one better to shine a light into this dark, bloody—yet still hopeful—chapter in the leftist tradition’s complex and evolving global history.” —Kim Kelly, author of Fight Like Hell

“The Anarchist Inquisition is narrative history at its finest, told in thrilling detail, and an essential challenge to entrenched human rights discourses. At this moment of calcifying nationalisms, Bray calls our attention to anarchism’s history of potent internationalism, which we would do well to rediscover.” —Natasha Lennard, author of Being Numerous

Mark Bray is a historian of human rights at Rutgers University. He is the author of the nationally bestselling Antifa and Translating Anarchy.